What is a Series Circuit ?
As the name indicates, a circuit in which all the circuit components are arranged in series is called a Series Circuit. As you can see in the fig below, there is a voltage source Battery and four Resistors(R) are connected in series.
Why Current (I) is same at all points in a Series Circuit?
This is because, when the voltage is applied to a series circuit, the free electrons start moving from negative terminal to the positive terminal. The free electrons are continuously replaced by free electron flow from an adjacent point. Therefore, at all the points the electron drift is same and at same speed. That is why Current is same in all parts of a Series Circuit.
And also there is just one current path through out the circuit. Therefore current cannot differ at any point.
How to find the Equivalent Resistance in a Series Circuit?
When a series circuit is connected across a voltage source, the free electrons forming the current must drift through all the series resistance. This path is the only way the electrons can return to the battery. So the total opposition to the current will be the combined resistance from all the resistances in the path. That means, the Equivalent Resistance is the sum of all resistances.
REq= R1 + R2 + R3 +.................etc
A combination of series resistance is often called a String
Let us look at an example :
R1 = 3kΩ
R2 = 10kΩ
R3 = 5kΩ
REq= 3kΩ + 10kΩ + 5kΩ = 18kΩ
Therefore,
I = V / R = 9 / 18 kΩ = 0.5 mA
As the name indicates, a circuit in which all the circuit components are arranged in series is called a Series Circuit. As you can see in the fig below, there is a voltage source Battery and four Resistors(R) are connected in series.
Why Current (I) is same at all points in a Series Circuit?
This is because, when the voltage is applied to a series circuit, the free electrons start moving from negative terminal to the positive terminal. The free electrons are continuously replaced by free electron flow from an adjacent point. Therefore, at all the points the electron drift is same and at same speed. That is why Current is same in all parts of a Series Circuit.
And also there is just one current path through out the circuit. Therefore current cannot differ at any point.
How to find the Equivalent Resistance in a Series Circuit?
When a series circuit is connected across a voltage source, the free electrons forming the current must drift through all the series resistance. This path is the only way the electrons can return to the battery. So the total opposition to the current will be the combined resistance from all the resistances in the path. That means, the Equivalent Resistance is the sum of all resistances.
REq= R1 + R2 + R3 +.................etc
A combination of series resistance is often called a String
Let us look at an example :
R1 = 3kΩ
R2 = 10kΩ
R3 = 5kΩ
REq= 3kΩ + 10kΩ + 5kΩ = 18kΩ
Therefore,
I = V / R = 9 / 18 kΩ = 0.5 mA
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